tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39832621773149192192024-03-05T22:33:22.496-08:00The Andamans: A Visit with BNHS: 18 to 25 January 2015Uniquely diverse
Tribes and natural species
Confront modern ways.
Ramaswami Ashok Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15525366311000374653noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3983262177314919219.post-64251870048996520302015-01-16T00:31:00.000-08:002015-01-17T06:20:42.801-08:00The Andamans with BNHS: 18 to 25 January 2015<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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January 2015: The Route on Andaman Trunk Road(ATR) From Port Blair to Baratang Island.<br />
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Cutting through the dense forests of the Jarawas<br />
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Through the Jarawa Territory on the ATR to Baratang Island<br />
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Mangroves and Tropical Rainforests, Baratang Island-August 2014<br />
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The Birds<br />
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Endemic Birds in the Jarawa Reserve<br />
Endemic Bird Area 125: Andaman Islands<br />
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1. Andaman Serpent Eagle Spilornis elgini<br />
<br />
http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Spilornis-elgini<br />
<br />
Some details at<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_serpent_eagle<br />
<br />
Ref: A Field Guide to the Birds of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and the Maldives. Krys Kazmierczak.2000. Plate 21.4 Herein after just 21.4<br />
<br />
See http://www.flickr.com/photos/69075004@N00/2490129587/<br />
<br />
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2. Andaman Crake Rallina canningi<br />
<br />
http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Rallina-canningi<br />
<br />
Details at:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_crake<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_crake#mediaviewer/File:Andaman_Crake2.JPG<br />
<br />
See Ref at 1. 30.13<br />
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3. Andaman Wood-Pigeon Columba palumboides<br />
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See<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_wood_pigeon<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_wood_pigeon#mediaviewer/File:ColumbaPalumboides.jpg<br />
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See Ref at 1: 43.16<br />
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4. Andaman Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia rufipennis<br />
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Some details at:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_cuckoo-dove<br />
See Ref at 1: 42.17<br />
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5. Andaman coucal Centropus andamanensis<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_coucal<br />
http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Centropus-andamanensis?&view=1<br />
See Ref at 1 :46.7<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_coucal#mediaviewer/File:Brown_coucal.JPG<br />
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6. Andaman Scops-Owl otus balli<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_scops_owl<br />
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http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Otus-balli<br />
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See Ref at 1: 48.2<br />
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7. Andaman Hawk-Owl Ninox affinis<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_hawk-owl<br />
http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Ninox-affinis?&view=1<br />
See Ref at 1: 48.9<br />
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8. Andaman Black Woodpecker Dryocopus hodgei<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-bellied_woodpecker<br />
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http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Dryocopus-hodgei<br />
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See Ref at 1: 54.7<br />
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9. White headed Starling Sturnus erythropygius<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-headed_starling<br />
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See Ref at 1: 61.3<br />
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10. Andaman Drongo Dicrurus andamanensis<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_drongo#mediaviewer/File:Andaman_Drongo_(Dicrurus_andamanensis)_in_tree.jpg<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_drongo<br />
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http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Dicrurus-andamanensis<br />
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See Ref at 1: 59.7<br />
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11. Andaman Treepie Dendrocitta bayleyi<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andaman_treepie<br />
<br />
http://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Dendrocitta-bayleii?&view=1<br />
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See Ref at 1: 62.11<br />
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The following is a checklist of Birds of the Andaman Islands:<br />
<br />
Andaman Island Bird Checklist<br />
Phasianidae<br />
R Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus Intro<br />
R Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Intro<br />
Turnicidae<br />
W Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki<br />
Anatidae<br />
R Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica<br />
R Cotton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus R<br />
R Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha R<br />
R Andaman Teal Anas albogularis<br />
W Common Teal Anas crecca<br />
Ardeidae<br />
V Black Bittern Dupetor flavicollis R<br />
W Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis<br />
R Chestnut Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus<br />
R Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax<br />
R Striated Heron Butorides striata<br />
R Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii<br />
W Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus<br />
R Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis<br />
R Grey Heron Ardea cinerea<br />
R Purple Heron Ardea purpurea<br />
W Great Egret Ardea alba<br />
W Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia<br />
R Little Egret Egretta garzetta<br />
R Pacific Reef Egret Egretta sacra<br />
Phaethontidae<br />
V White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus R<br />
Fregatidae<br />
V Christmas Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi R Cr<br />
V Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel R<br />
Falconidae<br />
V Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus R<br />
Accipitridae<br />
W Osprey Pandion haliaetus<br />
W Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes<br />
V Black Kite Milvus migrans R<br />
R White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogasterR Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela<br />
E Andaman Serpent Eagle Spilornis elgini EMD NT<br />
W Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus<br />
W Chinese Goshawk Accipiter soloensis<br />
R Besra Accipiter virgatus<br />
W Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus R<br />
R Changeable Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus<br />
Rallidae<br />
E Andaman Crake Rallina canningi EMD NT<br />
R Slaty-breasted Rail Gallirallus striatus<br />
W Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla<br />
R White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus<br />
R Watercock Gallicrex cinerea<br />
R Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio<br />
W Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus<br />
Burhinidae<br />
R Beach Thick-knee Esacus magnirostris NT<br />
Dromadidae<br />
R Crab Plover Dromas ardeola<br />
Charadriidae<br />
V Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus<br />
W Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva<br />
W Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola<br />
W Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius<br />
W Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus<br />
W Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii<br />
V Oriental Plover Charadrius veredus R<br />
Scolopacidae<br />
W Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura<br />
W Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago<br />
W Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus<br />
W Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata NT<br />
W Common Redshank Tringa totanus<br />
W Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia<br />
V Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus<br />
W Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola<br />
W Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus<br />
W Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos<br />
W Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres<br />
W Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea<br />
W Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus<br />
W Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris VuW Rufous-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis<br />
W Little Stint Calidris minuta<br />
W Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta<br />
Glareolidae<br />
W Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum<br />
Laridae<br />
W Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis<br />
S Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii<br />
R Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana<br />
W Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus R<br />
V White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus<br />
W Brown Noddy Anous stolidus<br />
W Lesser Noddy Anous tenuirostris R<br />
Columbidae<br />
E Andaman Woodpigeon Columba palumboides EMD NT<br />
R Red Collared-dove Streptopelia tranquebarica<br />
E Andaman Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia rufipennis EMD NT<br />
R Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica<br />
R Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica NT<br />
E Andaman Green-pigeon Treron pompadora EMD <br />
R Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea<br />
R Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor<br />
Psittacidae<br />
R Vernal Hanging Parrot Loriculus vernalis<br />
R Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria NT<br />
R Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri NT<br />
R Long-tailed Parakeet Psittacula longicauda NT<br />
Cuculidae<br />
R Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus<br />
W Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus<br />
W Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus<br />
W Asian Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus<br />
R Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus<br />
W Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus<br />
E Andaman Coucal Centropus andamanensis EMD<br />
Tytonidae<br />
E Andaman Barn-owl Tyto deroepstorffi EMD<br />
Strigidae<br />
E Andaman Scops-owl Otus balli EMD NT<br />
R Oriental Scops-owl Otus suniaR Brown Hawk-owl Ninox scutulata<br />
E Andaman Hawk-owl Ninox affinis EMD NT<br />
E Hume's Hawk-owl Niox obscura EMD<br />
Apodidae<br />
R White-bellied Swiftlet Collocalia esculenta<br />
V Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris<br />
R Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus<br />
R Brown-throated Needletail Hirundapus giganteus<br />
Coraciidae<br />
R Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis<br />
Alcedinidae<br />
R Stork-billed Kingfisher Pelargopsis capensis<br />
R Ruddy Kingfisher Halcyon coromanda<br />
R White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis<br />
W Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata<br />
R Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris<br />
S Black-backed Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx erithaca<br />
R Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting<br />
W Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis<br />
Meropidae<br />
W Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus<br />
R Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti<br />
Picidae<br />
R Spot-breasted Pied Woodpecker Dendrocopos analis<br />
E Andaman Woodpecker Dryocopus hodgei EMD NT<br />
Artamidae<br />
R White-breasted Woodswallow Artamus leucorynchus<br />
Campephagidae<br />
R Large Cuckooshrike Coracina macei<br />
E Andaman Cuckooshrike Coracina dobsoni EMD<br />
R Pied Triller Lalage nigra<br />
W Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus divaricatus<br />
R Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus<br />
R Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus<br />
Pachycephalidae<br />
R Mangrove Whistler Pachycephala cinerea<br />
Laniidae<br />
W Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus lucionensisOriolidae<br />
R Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis<br />
R Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus<br />
Dicruridae<br />
W Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus R<br />
R Andaman Drongo Dicrurus andamanensis NT<br />
R Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus<br />
Monarchidae<br />
R Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea<br />
R Asian Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone paradisi<br />
Corvidae<br />
R Grey Treepie Dendrocitta formosae<br />
E Andaman Treepie Dendrocitta bayleyi EMD NT<br />
R Eastern Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos<br />
Hirundinidae<br />
W Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica<br />
W Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica<br />
Pycnonotidae<br />
E Andaman Bulbul Pycnonotus fuscoflavescens EMD<br />
R Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus<br />
Sylviidae<br />
R Pale-footed Bush Warbler Cettia pallidipes<br />
W Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata<br />
W Rusty-rumped Warbler Locustella certhiola<br />
W Thick-billed Warbler Phragamaticola aedon<br />
W Oriental Reed Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis<br />
W Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus<br />
W Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus<br />
W Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis R<br />
W Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides<br />
W Large-billed Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus magnirostris<br />
Zosteropidae<br />
R Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus<br />
Irenidae<br />
R Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella<br />
Sturnidae<br />
R Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensisR Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa<br />
R Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Intro<br />
E Andaman White-headed Starling Sturnus erythropygius EMD<br />
W Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus R<br />
Turdidae<br />
R Orange-headed Thrush Zoothera citrina<br />
W Siberian Thrush Zoothera sibirica R<br />
W Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus R<br />
Muscicapidae<br />
W Bluethroat Luscinia svecica<br />
W Siberian Blue Robin Luscinia cyane R<br />
R Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis<br />
E Andaman Shama Copsychus albiventris EMD<br />
W Common Stonechat Saxicola torquatus<br />
W Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius R<br />
W Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica<br />
W Grey-headed Canary-Flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis R<br />
Dicaeidae<br />
E Andaman Flowerpecker Dicaeum virescens EMD<br />
Nectariniidae<br />
R Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis<br />
Passeridae<br />
R House Sparrow Passer domesticus Intro<br />
Estrildidae<br />
R White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata<br />
Motacillidae<br />
W Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus<br />
W Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava<br />
W Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea<br />
W White Wagtail Motacilla alba<br />
W Richard's Pipit Anthus richardi<br />
W Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus<br />
Legend<br />
R Resident<br />
E Endemic (Resident)<br />
S Summer Migrant<br />
W Winter Migrant<br />
V VagrantR Rare/Accidental<br />
Intro Introduced<br />
Cr Critically Endangered<br />
En Endangered<br />
Vu Vulnerable<br />
NT Near- Threatened<br />
Source: Avibase<br />
Layout and changes: Asif Khan<br />
<br />
Taiwania, 53(4): 356-368, 2008<br />
Tree Diversity and Structure of Andaman Giant Evergreen Forests,<br />
India<br />
M. Rajkumar(1) and N. Parthasarathy(1,2)<br />
(Manuscript received 7 March 2008; accepted 6 August 2008)<br />
ABSTRACT: We investigated tree diversity in ‘giant evergreen forest’ of Andaman and Nicobar<br />
Islands, which falls within the Indo-Burma hot spot of biodiversity in the world. A one hectare square<br />
plot was established in sites Kalapahad (KP) and Macarthy Valley (MV) of Middle Andamans, in which all trees ≥ 30 cm girth at breast height (gbh) were enumerated. Tree diversity totaled 105 species that belonged to 63 genera and 49 families. Site MV harboured ~10% greater species richness than KP. Species diversity indices did not vary much between the two sites. In the two sites, there were 1311 individuals of trees (579 ha-1 in KP and 732 in MV). The stand basal area was nearly equal in both the sites (KP- 45.59 m2 ha-1; MV- 47.93 m2 ha-1). Thirteen tree species (12.38%) were strict endemics to Andamans. Ten species recorded are rare to the flora of these islands. The two sites are distinctly dominated by two different plant families; Dipterocarpaceae in KP and Myristicaceae in MV. Most of the species were common to central and lower region of Myanmar and Indian mainland. The forest standstructure exhibited a typical reverse-J shape, but site MV had double the density of stems in the lower tree size class than that of KP. The voluminous dipterocarps contributed more to the total above-ground live biomass. The need to preserve these species- and endemics- rich, fragile island forests, prioritized for biodiversity conservation, is emphasized.<br />
KEY WORDS: Tropical rainforests, Andamans, Tree diversity, Forest structure,<br />
Dipterocarpaceae, Myristicaceae.<br />
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<br />
Appendix 1. List of tree species enumerated in two tropical rainforest sites at KP and MV, arranged in decreasing order of their total abundance.<br />
Sl. no. Species name Family KP MV Total<br />
1 Knema andamanica (Warb.) de Wilde * A Myristicaceae 81 233 314<br />
2 Dipterocarpus incanus Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae 91 25 116<br />
3 Dipterocarpus andamanicus (King) Tewary & Sarkar * Dipterocarpaceae 84 19 103<br />
4 Dipterocarpus kerrii King Dipterocarpaceae 24 61 85<br />
5 Ficus magnoliifolia Bl. Moraceae 15 29 44<br />
6 Pometia pinnata J. R. & G. Forst. Sapindaceae 4 34 38<br />
7 Terminalia procera Roxb. * Combretaceae 36 2 38<br />
8 Dipterocapus costatus Gaertn.f. Dipterocarpaceae - 37 37<br />
9 Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Euphorbiaceae 10 24 34<br />
10 Planchonia valida (Bl.) Bl. Barringtoniaceae 15 14 29<br />
11 Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae 29 - 29<br />
12 Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb. Moraceae 10 17 27<br />
13 Garcinia cadelliana King * A Clusiaceae 18 9 27<br />
14 Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K.Sch. Bignoniaceae 3 22 25<br />
15 Ficus racemosa Roxb. Moraceae 17 6 23<br />
16 Canarium euphyllum Kurz Burseraceae 4 17 21<br />
17 Diospyros undulata Wall.ex G. Don Ebenaceae 1 17 18<br />
18 Bombax insigne Wall. * A Bombacaceae 9 6 15<br />
19 Lagerstroemia hypoleuca Kurz * A Lythraceae 9 3 12<br />
20 Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Sterculiaceae 3 9 12<br />
21 Rothmannia schoemannii (T. & B.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae - 12 12<br />
22 Calophyllum spectabile Willd. Clusiaceae 8 3 11<br />
23 Semecarpus kurzii Engler * Anacardiaceae 8 3 11<br />
24 Canarium sp. Burseraceae 5 5 10<br />
25 Goniothalamus macranthus (Kurz) Boerl. * Annonaceae 1 9 10<br />
26 Pterocarpus dalbargioides Roxb. * A Papilionaceae 8 2 10<br />
27 Dysoxylum andamanicum King * A Meliaceae 1 8 9<br />
28 Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco) Merr. Sterculiaceae 5 4 9<br />
29 Vitex diversifolia Kurz * A Verbenaceae 5 4 9<br />
30 Myristica andamanica Hk.f. * Myristicaceae - 8 8<br />
31 Endospermum malaccense Benth. ex Muell.- Arg. Euphorbiaceae - 7 7<br />
32 Xanthophyllum andamanicum King * A Xanthophyllaceae 1 6 7<br />
33 Archindendron monadelphum Roxb. * Mimosaceae - 6 6<br />
34 Areca triandra Roxb. Arecaceae 6 - 6<br />
35 Dipterocarpus griffithii Miq. Dipterocarpaceae 6 - 6<br />
36 Syzygium cymosum (Lamk.) DC. Myrtaceae - 6 6<br />
37 Ternstroemia wallichiana (Griff.) Engler Ternstroemiaceae - 5 5<br />
38 Diospyros multibracteata Wall.ex G. Don Ebenaceae 4 - 4<br />
39 Drypetes longifolia (Bl.) Pax. & Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae 2 2 4<br />
40 Fagraea racemosa Jack. ex. Wall. Loganiaceae 3 1 4<br />
41 Horsfieldia glabra (Bl.) Warb. Myristicaceae 2 2 4<br />
42 Planchonella longipetiolatum (King & Prain) H.J. Lam. Sapotaceae 4 - 4<br />
43 Cleistanthus myrianthus (Hassk.) Kurz Euphorbiaceae - 3 3<br />
44 Diospyros andamanica (Kurz) Bakh. Ebenaceae 2 1 3<br />
45 Drimycarpus racemosus (Roxb.) Hk.f. ex March. Anacardiaceae 3 - 3<br />
46 Evodia glabra (Bl.) Bl. Rutaceae 3 - 3<br />
47 Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.) Voigt Euphorbiaceae 1 2 3<br />
48 Lannea coramandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae 3 - 3<br />
49 Licuala spinosa Wurmb. Arecaceae 3 - 3<br />
50 Mangifera comptosperma Pierre Anacardiaceae 2 1 3<br />
51 Semecarpus prainii King Anacardiaceae - 3 3<br />
52 Sterculia villosa Roxb. Sterculiaceae 1 2 3<br />
53 Syzygium sp.1 Myrtaceae 2 1 3<br />
54 Unidentified 7 - 3 3<br />
55 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Rubiaceae - 2 2<br />
56 Aphananthe cuspidata (Bl.) Planch. Ulmaceae 2 - 2<br />
57 Canthium glabrum Bl. Rubiaceae 1 1 2<br />
58 Dehaasia kurzii King Lauraceae 2 - 2<br />
59 Diospyros oocarpa Thw. H. Ebenaceae - 2 2<br />
60 Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq. var. andamanica Kurz Ebenaceae - 2 2<br />
61 Dysoxylum arborescens (Bl.) Miq. Meliaceae 1 1 2<br />
62 Elaeocarpus sp. Elaeocarpaceae 1 1 2<br />
63 Miliusa tectona Hutchinson * R Annonaceae - 2 2<br />
64 Rothmannia pulcherima (Kurz) Tirveng. * A R Rubiaceae - 2 2<br />
65 Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb. * A R Apocynaceae - 2 2<br />
December, 2008 Rajkumar & Parthasarathy: Tree diversity of Andaman giant evergreen forests 367<br />
Appendix 1. Continued.<br />
Sl. no. Species name Family KP MV Total<br />
66 Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br. Datiscaceae 1 1 2<br />
67 Unidentified 9 - 2 2<br />
68 Unidentified 3 2 - 2<br />
69 Walsura candollei King * A R Meliaceae - 2 2<br />
70 Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. Rutaceae 1 - 1<br />
71 Aglaia sp. Meliaceae 1 - 1<br />
72 Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain & Bennet Meliaceae 1 - 1<br />
73 Aglaia sylvestris (M. Roem.) Spreng. Meliaceae - 1 1<br />
74 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) Parker Meliaceae - 1 1<br />
75 Aporusa dioica (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae - 1 1<br />
76 Artocarpus gomeziana Wall. Moraceae 1 - 1<br />
77 Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret Tiliaceae 1 - 1<br />
78 Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meissn. Anacardiaceae 1 - 1<br />
79 Canarium denticulatum Bl. Burseraceae - 1 1<br />
80 Casearia andamanica King * A R Flacourtiaceae - 1 1<br />
81 Casearia sp. Flacourtiaceae - 1 1<br />
82 Cleidion nitidum Thw. Euphorbiaceae 1 - 1<br />
83 Dichapetalum gelonioides Roxb. * A R Dichapetalaceae - 1 1<br />
84 Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam. Sapotaceae 1 - 1<br />
85 Ficus curipes Corner Moraceae 1 - 1<br />
86 Garcinia cowa Roxb. Clusiaceae - 1 1<br />
87 Garuga pinnata Roxb. Burseraceae 1 - 1<br />
88 Glochidion sp. Euphorbiaceae - 1 1<br />
89 Harpullia cupanioides Roxb. Sapindaceae 1 - 1<br />
90 Palaquium semarum H. J. Lam. Sapotaceae - 1 1<br />
91 Prunus javanica (T. & B.) Miq. Rosaceae - 1 1<br />
92 Psueduvaria prainii (King) Merr. * R Annonaceae - 1 1<br />
93 Psychotria adenophylla Wall. Rubiaceae 1 - 1<br />
94 Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae 1 - 1<br />
95 Tarenna weberaefolia (Kurz) Balakr. * R Rubiaceae - 1 1<br />
96 Terminalia manii King * R Combretaceae 1 - 1<br />
97 Unidentified 1 1 - 1<br />
98 Unidentified 10 - 1 1<br />
99 Unidentified 11 - 1 1<br />
100 Unidentified 12 - 1 1<br />
101 Unidentified 2 1 - 1<br />
102 Unidentified 4 1 - 1<br />
103 Unidentified 5 - 1 1<br />
104 Unidentified 6 - 1 1<br />
104 Unidentified 8 - 1 1<br />
Total 579 732 1311<br />
(Unidentified 1-12 are distinct morpho-species)<br />
* Endemic to Andaman and Nicobar Islands; A Strict endemic to Andamans; R Rare species<br />
<br />
See in this connection:<br />
https://archive.org/stream/PlantMythsAndTraditionsInIndia/Plant%20Myths%20and%20Traditions%20in%20india_djvu.txt<br />
Or the pdf at<br />
https://ia601002.us.archive.org/29/items/PlantMythsAndTraditionsInIndia/Plant%20Myths%20and%20Traditions%20in%20india.pdf<br />
<br />
Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae is illustrated here:<br />
<br />
http://www.flowersofindia.net/botanical.html<br />
<br />
<table border="1" style="font-family: 'luxi sans', Arial, sans-serif; width: 95%px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Streblus asper</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"></td><td style="font-size: 10pt;">Moraceae</td><td style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">Sand Paper Tree</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
The butterflies of Andamans<br />
<br />
Ref<br />
http://lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/journals/32/PDF32/32-170.pdf<br />
<br />
Have a look at the butterflies of Andamans at:<br />
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=Butterflies+of+Andamans&espv=2&biw=1280&bih=699&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=IEm5VIyrC9eXuATp6YDAAQ&ved=0CDQQsAQ&dpr=1<br />
<br />
An account of an investigation into the inroads of modern civilization into the islands which exposes the murderous modern is<br />
M.Mukerjee.2003. The Land of the Naked People: Encounters with Stone Age Islanders. Penguin.<br />
<br />
A Dossier on Andaman and Nicobar Islands is as of 2010:<br />
The Jarawa Tribal Reserve Dossier: Cultural & biological diversities in the Andaman Islands. Kalpavriksh. Eds. Pandya et al. UNESCO.2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Ramaswami Ashok Kumarhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15525366311000374653noreply@blogger.com0